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LESSON PLAN

Likelihood of Simulated Events

A
Apothem Team
Grade 3 · Data & Probability
LESSON AT A GLANCE
Warm-up
5 min
Explore
15 min
Consolidate
10 min
Practice
12 min
Exit ticket
3 min

Warm-up

If I flip this coin 10 times, how many times do you predict heads? (5.) Let us test. Flip 10 times, record. Class results: did everyone get exactly 5? (Likely not.) Why not? (Randomness.) If we all combined our results (30 students x 10 flips = 300 flips), would we be closer to 50%? (Yes.) Why?

Explore

Probability experiments stations: (1) Coin: predict 10 flips, record actual, calculate total heads out of 30 flips across the group. (2) Die: roll 12 times, which face appeared most? (3) Spinner: spin 20 times, compare to predicted. Pool class results at each station: do larger samples give better predictions?

Consolidate

Practice

Students conduct a 20-flip coin experiment, record results, compare to prediction, and pool results with the class. Write 2 sentences about the difference between theoretical and experimental probability. Exit ticket: in a bag with 2 red and 8 blue marbles, which colour are you more likely to draw?

Exit ticket

Students conduct a 20-flip coin experiment, record results, compare to prediction, and pool results with the class. Write 2 sentences about the difference between theoretical and experimental probability. Exit ticket: in a bag with 2 red and 8 blue marbles, which colour are you more likely to draw?

TIP  The discrepancy between predicted and experimental results is the lesson, not a failure of the experiment. Explicitly celebrate: the results are not all 5 out of 10. That is what chance means.
WORKED EXAMPLES
A spinner is 1/4 yellow and 3/4 green. In 20 spins, how many green results do you predict?

3/4 of 20 = 15 green spins predicted. Actual results will vary: maybe 13, maybe 17. Over 200 spins: much closer to 150.

A student rolled a die 12 times and got no sixes. Does this mean the die is unfair?

Not necessarily: 12 rolls is too few to judge fairness. The expected number of sixes in 12 rolls is 2, but 0 is possible by chance. Roll it 120 times: the number of sixes should be closer to 20.

MATERIALS
Fair coins
Standard dice
Spinners (equal and unequal sections)
Recording sheets for experiments
Snowsnake game or alternative traditional game (if available)
WATCH FOR
!Students may think that if a coin shows tails 3 times in a row, heads is due. Address the gambler's fallacy directly: each flip is independent.
!Students may think experimental results must exactly match theoretical predictions. They should be close (especially with many trials) but will always vary.