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LESSON PLAN

Telling Time with Analog and Digital Clocks

A
Apothem Team
Grade 4 · Measurement
LESSON AT A GLANCE
Warm-up
5 min
Explore
15 min
Consolidate
10 min
Practice
12 min
Exit ticket
3 min

Warm-up

Show 3:45 on an analog clock. What does the hour hand tell us? (It is between 3 and 4: after 3, before 4.) What does the minute hand tell us? (At the 9, which is 45 minutes.) What is another way to say 3:45? (Quarter to 4: 15 minutes before 4.) Three representations of the same time.

Explore

Clock fraction investigation: divide the class clock face into 4 equal sections. Each section = 15 minutes = 1/4 of an hour. Show: 12:15 (quarter past 12), 12:30 (half past 12 = two quarters past), 12:45 (three quarters past = quarter to 1). The clock face is a fraction circle.

Consolidate

Practice

Students read 12 analog clock times and write them in three formats: digital, 24-hour, and words (quarter past/to/half past where applicable). Exit ticket: write 5:15 p.m. in 24-hour format and state another name for this time.

Exit ticket

Students read 12 analog clock times and write them in three formats: digital, 24-hour, and words (quarter past/to/half past where applicable). Exit ticket: write 5:15 p.m. in 24-hour format and state another name for this time.

TIP  Quarter to is more difficult than quarter past because students must think ahead to the next hour. Practice it separately with many examples before combining all four clock-fraction expressions.
WORKED EXAMPLES
Write 6:45 p.m. in 24-hour format.

6:45 p.m. = 18:45. (6+12=18.) In words: eighteen forty-five.

What time is quarter to 7?

Quarter to 7 = 15 minutes before 7:00 = 6:45. The minute hand is at the 9 and the hour hand is between 6 and 7.

MATERIALS
Demonstration analog clock
Student clock manipulatives
24-hour clock conversion chart
Fraction clock diagrams
Moon phase and seasonal calendar images
WATCH FOR
!Quarter to is frequently confused with quarter past. Emphasize: quarter to means 15 minutes UNTIL the next hour. Count backward from the next hour.
!Students may read 24-hour times above 12:00 as regular times (e.g., 1530 read as 3:30 rather than 3:30 p.m.). Build the conversion habit: subtract 12 from any hour greater than 12.